Metal building



METAL BUILDING Filed March 10, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 1,

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IIIIIIIII III-Ill IIIIIIIIIII IIII o I.I III-W IIII|I|||I||IIIII.II IIIIIIQIII l I I l I I' I I {Z ,l I I l l I I I I u I l l l I l l I I I '4 I IIIIIlII Illl IIIIIIIIIIIIIII III m7 9 vwllltIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII m H o Imo INVENTORS Smuel Korman Meyer Harrison Sept. 20, 1949. s. KORMAN ETAL METAL BUILDING Filed March 10, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS 5 am ueZ Korm an Meyer Harrison Sept. 20, 1949. SLKORMAN Er AL METAL BUILDING 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 10, 1945 S R O T N E V Samuel Harman v Me yer Harri .5 on

Sept. 20, 1949. s. KORMAN ET AL METAL BUILDING 4 Shets-Sheet .4

Filed March 10, 1945 m m wrw 4 Wmm a M/ 2 3m Z4 Patented Sept. 20, 1949 Metal Awning Corr por'ation of America, Pittsburgh,'Pa'.,"a cor m [ration of Pennsylvania ,i.App1icati0nMarchl0,

This invention relates is for an improved building which; maybe economicallyand rapidly erected in the: field. from structuresare hot when theyuare exposed to the rays of thesun, and provide no ventilation except as can be obtained through doors orvvindows.-

According tothe presentinvention there is provided a building construction in which all .of the walls and the roof are'iormed of basicallyjsimilar panels, These panels are comprised ofsalter nately reversed overlappingvsheet metaLchannels, one series ofchannelshaving the fiangeslzturned inwardly and the other outwardly. While -.the

sides or flanges ofthe, alternately reversedchane nels preferably overlap, they preferably leave a space for the circulation ofair around the overlapped channel portions, ,fqrmingx'a' covering which will not permit: the direct'rays-oflthesun to pass therethrough,;and whichis entirely wa-'- tertight, even when exposed torain. driven. by relatively high velocity wind. At the :same time, the structure may be very airy and sufiicientlight diffuses through thewall to give satisfactory daytime illumination to the interioliof the build ing; Moreoventhe covering for-the building will notallow light on the interior to passdirectly to the'exterior p The panels formed in this way from alternately turned channel members; even though .madeof light sheet metal, havev'ery'fgreat transverse rigidity to efiectivel'y resist bowing or sagging. By reason of this fact, theside walls madein this manner are inherently stable and require no framing, and the roof panels'do: not require any rafters. One or two very light 'purlines running transversely of the 'channelsfwhich""formfthe panels are desirable to support the panelsfagaihs't deflection in a direction"perpen'dicular to th'e,

1945,: Serial no; 5s2 ,o24,f i Claims, (01. 189 1 to m tal bu di s; aria this character is ideal foruse for either temporary or permanent housing in tropical climates, or for summer purposes. ,It has beenfound'for example "that.,temperatures'under a roof construction madewith panned: this kind when exposed to' the dirctheat of the s'urrwill be very substantially lower @than temperatures under a canvas roofing exposed to thesame conditions. The buildingis'also desirable for use in warm climates and for summer purposes because due to ventilation the-interior canequickly"dry out after'periodsofdarnpness. in addition to providing ideal livingguartersfior -warm climates or for summer purposes, this type of building is also well adapted for temporaryor permanent; storing of various eornmodities whichmay not be safely stored in air-tight enclosures. In this connection the building is well adapted for the storage of- ;hay or cereals, especially ,field corn, and various food substances which require storage in dry but ventilatedenclosures.

While-the buildings embodying the present invention; are highly desirable; for use in warm weather or warm'cliniates, they can be quickly andeasily converted to! comfortable, cold-weathbeing' easily blacked -out, are extremely well plane of the panel, butotherwisereinforcements other than those provided'by the mutu connection of the several panels are no Because of the ventilation 'pr'ov'1 panels as preferably constructed, a

,jlinteradapted for use forthe quartering of troops in hot climates; for army field'an'd evacuation hospitals in such climates, and for the protection of food and military supplies; It may also'bewell adapted for sheltering animals'as well as equipment.

The invention may be moreffully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in

which:

,Fig. 1 isia sjid e elevation of a portion of a building' constructed in accordance] with our invention;

l Fig? 2 is a perspective 'view' showing one of the channels of which the various panels are comprised;

Fig. 3 is a similar view showing a like channel turned in the other direction;

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of a building constructed in accordance with ourinvention;

Fig. 5 afigfrieiztfhfiy section lithe-plane er line V -V 3f Fig. 4;" sea on a sbffiewhat larger scale;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of me structure with the roof panel removed;

Fig. 6a is an end elevation of the two end members of the roofing panelsy Fig. 6b is a transverse section thr y g the panels, the View being has larger scale that Figs. 5 and 6; x x

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary transverse seams through the building looking toward the endwall;

Fig. 8 is a transverse section through the iid'ge ..P 0;

sea states is the pains a 'n u sulating panels a Fig. 1 3s a fsersiieeeve view over one of the 5 'e'ls; "Ia'rfd Fi"g. 14 is 'a siinj iar or anetner metal clip. Referring first tb-Fi'gu' s to ro-inclusive, the building illustrated is formed of six panels, "these being a front .end panel' z -having a Training 3 therein for *tlfesliding door 4; two longitudinal side 'pane1s,"each designated generall as 5,-a-rear end panel' 6,and two roofing panels '1 and -8.

For smallerbuildings, these-six'panels "arecbnrpletel'y prefabricated, 'whereas in larger buildings the 'panels may be clividedfinto subpanels which can be easily-joined the field, as 'is readily apparent from a detailed consideration of the con struct ionofthe panels.

while all of theseveral-panels are basically of the saine construction, thevertical side :walls -5 will be described in detail These side panels a re comprised 9i two series of identically .iermeqs sstm i .qha i are which a L PQWRI ;ZR.FiH n1, i The channels I I are.arrahged vertic ally in spaced relation as 'cleaily shlownlin Figure 5;and the chan- "riels ID are reversed with respect to the channels ll andare'al'ternated'so that the channels T0 overcame spaces 12 between each two of the channels] I Theses-edges of the channels "II have sman 'eet me tal'bfackets'ISsecured thereto at intervals and the 'l tare smipoftea by these pr ets l 3fwith"t'he'is ides 'ffla of fth'e channels jgof yerla'niiing tlie sides 'll'a 6f the channels I l,"bi1t jv'vi'th the edges 'o'f the cilialhh'l's out'iof cori tatfwith thevieoof the opposite chan- 'pbsite channel so as to "provide a mess sir slating spacearound these flanges or edges. This iscl'e'arly "shownjFigiire @b. I channel's l0 may be secured tot'rre Brackets 13 by'mahsfdf belts or sheet metal screws as illustrated. At the bottom of the side wall panel is "a sheet metal angle M on which the lower ends of both series of channels rest, the angle preferably being turned outwardly as clearly shown in Figures 7 and 12. Intermediate the top and bottom, each side panel has a longitudinally extending purline formed from a piece of light gauge metal turned t2; as aegis share, this admire being designated 15. It is' secured against the inner faces of the channels II. It may be fastened in place by means of sheet metal screws as illustrated, or by other suitable fasteners. The purpose of this strip is primarily to hold the wall against deflectibnrreeaeea mesa in a direction perpendicular f" rmal to the plane of the wall. Because of the f t the. the side wall panels are formed of lightg'auge ihet'alshaped into channel form, the wall is extremely in a vertical direction and will not buckle under normal vertical loads. Be- 'aus'ewe vertical loads. can be carried by these channels, no framing or Vertical studding for the bending v I Extending along h e tbp'b'f each side wall panel 'a nd 'sui ed "t6 the inner ffa'c's or the bhann'els l l is a sneetmetai strip f6 which is most clearly shows in-Figure 10, and which'has its u per edge portion slfiifii'd warms from the pane of the wees "(if the ch fiels I I so as *to provide a "recess between the inner 5 has (if the Ch'ahfi'ls and the' stri '16. 'ovid'e's ine'fiecta groove for a tongue'and grcove-zicint betweentne side panels andthe roof, which-' jofnt will he 'hereinafter more fully described.

Each of --tne End strips of the 'Side Wall panels is designated "I1. Instead of being a complete channel "it th'e outer edge which comes at the "cdrner or the building 'fla'tso that it may be subsequently turned over in "putting the building togeth'er. arrangementpf thjes la'ts or strips constituting the marrels ismo'st 'clearly'sho'wn in ;i'er'elige orftn nsfie eace drthe 'end'waii panel, thisstrip being "ilaln'to'tlie strip it tofprov ide a tofig iie tiffdrin '-a tirrg-ii.eand igjrocrve connection with the roof panel as hereinafterrhore fully desenses. V

lattices-earlier? likewise-formedessentially e'eaitniatew-revqsea. ferticallyiitending channels T0 and" "Tlies'e "channel's, however, are out avv'aly 'to 'provideadbfdr operiin'g whichis sure5 rouiidedby ashet tar-framing strip 'a'secrigidity .and be securedby-a sheetmetal screw or bolt and nut which is appliedin the field.

Thedappingof ,thejoints inzthis manner not only provides a water-tight seal, but aids in holding the walls against weaving,:once the-building is erected. I

The roof panels, I and 8 are of practically identical construction; They again areformed of alternately arranged channels "I and II, the length of the channels extending in the direction of the slope of "the roofing so that theyare rigid and self supporting without requiring any rafters. A singlepurline strip may be secured to each panelextending crosswise pf the channels. ,The roof channelsare connected thesame way asthe side panels so that while the flanges of the channels are overlapped, they are in spaced relation to-one another, and thel' ot air that forms under the roof when the sun beats upon; it will readily escape by passing through the openings provided between the overlapping channels, At thesame time, direct sunlight, evenwhenythe sun is at an'angle to the build? ing, cannot pass t hrough the roof andgthe roof will shed water. The overlapping channels p reouter edge. The metal is then turned upwardly and inwardly'along the inner face of the strip, and again turned to form a narrow U-shaped rib 23a providing a dependingflange which is spaced inwardlyfrom the downwardly turned outer edge.

flange- The U-shaped rib 23a provides spaced outer-and inner flanges which together define a verticalnarrow groove (see, Fig. 8a), in whichthe the strip 13.0 rests .on theweb's of the lower channels;;ll. ,,:The strip 30 at its inner edge has an upwardlygextending-fold ,32 extending therealong, which; lapsiovehthefiange 29.,on; the strip 126. Thisaforms a. tongue and groove overlap at the ridge of the roof which is water-tight; .To give the roof at more finished appearance, ,theremay be a cover strip 33 secured to the top of the roof andzlappedover the ends of the ridge ateach end of the building, the strip 33 forming a ridge or cap strip. Thiscover strip is permanently bolted or fastenedv to thereof panel 1 which is the last panel of the assembly to be put into. place.

AspreViou-slyindicated, the metal strips may be made of. fairly lightgauge metal and still have the requisite strength. The strength is increased because of the series of strips I0 and II being in fcliif'erent planes. so that the neutral plane of the wall is: intermediate the plane of the two sheets of stripslliloandsli; In other words, the two sheets. .of 1 strips uform; complementary trusses to impart rigidity to the panel in'the direction of the length of-,:the channels. The panels can be prefabricatedyinto units of a standard size and a set of sixcompletepanels can be placed in a crate, the. panels being in face-to-face relation so that the. thickness of the crate required to receive These end strips designated 2| have them is less than 24'inches. The cratesare thus of a size that can be handled conveniently either on freight cars or on trucks, and can be compactlystored in the, hold of a ship. Once the site for the building has been graded, the end panels are set. upand bolted or screwed together at the corners. The roof panel 8 is then put on after which the roof panel I is put into position, whereupon the building is complete. Not more than fourv men should be required to erect a building, and the erection is a matter of a few minutes. F .,.As heretofore indicated, the; building is cool and comfortable as a hot weather shelter, and is well -ventilated.'- In bright daylight, sufllcient 7 light 1diffusesintoqthe building around the over tongue formed by the strip I9 is received {so as to I form a-weather-tight tongue and groove joint along each sloping edge of the roof panel. Also the space between the flanges 23 and 23a provides a recess to; receive. the top edge of the end wall panel. Also asshown in Figure 10 the roof, near the eaves thereof, may have a longitudinally extending strip 24 secured thereto, which strip is folded and flattened uponitself inform a shield 25 and-a tongue 24a. The tongue 24a fits into the groove formed back of the strip lion-the side wall panels'making a weather-tight lappe'd joint between thesidewalls'aiid the roof on' theinside of the building at the eaves. The tonguezla and shield '25 are in": eifect spaced apart downwardly extending flanges which define a space or vertical groove therebetween in which the upper part of the strip lB is received; r a. e; eef anel 3! alon ts p .ri se, fo mi edge has a longitudinally extending strip 26 secured thereto, this strip having an upturned flange 2'! thereon forming a support for the upper channels ill, the strip resting on the webs of the lower series of channels Ii. Notches 28 formed at intervals in the flange 21- allow for the escape of water onto the channels I I. The strip 26 has an upwardly extending flange or tongue 29'thereon which is at the parting line of the roof.

The roof panel I has a somewhat similar strip 30 along its upper edge, the strip having a flange 3! on its lower edge similar to the flange 21, and the upper channels l0 rest on this flange while board of appropriate thickness.

lapping-@flanges of the channels to give a soft, pleasantilluminationand keep the interior of thebuilding'cool and shady. While it has not been illustrated, insects maybe excluded bysecuringscreeningPto the interior thereof, or simply byputting strips of netting over the exterior. A tentorfcanopy-like insect'netting (not shown) is preferably hung on the inside.- At night the building can be illuminated from within, but the light whichcan escape is almost unnoticeable, providing security 7 for military purposes, and avoiding the attraction of insects for summer shelters or living quarters. Since ventilation is uniform the building is airy, but not .drafty. It can beerected with the same facility as a tent, but provides substantially greater comfort than atent. f

I Where the building is to be used intemperate or cold climates, sectional insulating panelslrnay be provided asshown' in fl' igures ll and li2. These panels ma consist of sheets'of insulating fiber- Such fiberboard is well known and extensively used in the building trades. Along the side walls, cleats may be secured to the interior of the roof, and sheet metal hooks 36 secured to the side wall insulating panels 31. These panels may reach down to the purline strip I5. Other insulating panels 38, having hooks 39 at their upper edges, can be hung to the purline strip I5 and sheet metal cleats 40 may be hooked to the angle strip M to secure the base of the insulating panels 38 in place. Substantially the same construction is followed along the end walls of the building where tamper namils ere deslmesed ml end the lower ipmel's are nes'i'g- M. In may Fbe mentderred that in ed'clmen be' heek's 39 st Uhe bop's'nf iaheslznps 138 there may :snnilm "necks 39" an she bettems of the upper fi&-1$lil1afiing'"p'a;i l e1s bne t extend upwardly to lncrolz the le wer ends 0f panels an or 4 dao'the tgmrlin'e seems so as to anchor the slower edges nf the upper panel's 31mm A l in mace. fil'h -e insulat The reef panels, designated 43, arena-extensive bhe rim-ver fier 'bf the metal from? panels and ewe held zinipleiee by hunks smile/r to the masks 3a, theseihee'ks benle engaged "ever the edge flanges the "upwardly turned-roof enamels 1. H 'de- Eli l e'd fia'iae may be mlhesfively se'cure'd =over' all Thus fine filmed building may he quickly eenwez ted a be a weather-tight warm bull hasn't, =0'f the wentilatien rpwvid'ed 'tnreugh the fmehalsneathm'g, nae finsnlefing mafierial will met eb'sefla "and retain dampness It will be :ne ted that she strips M at the botbeenef side and end well zpen'els serve ton-e eh of Jane elmmnel's H together an proper spaced melamien, end because the channels 2| 0 "are swnporied by ine enameled 5., tlaes'e ehaznnels else are ichus new in nreper spaced 'nel aitlon while firhe horinel'i-tal flzvng e 0f th'e angle extends under the ends o'f ell 6f the :cnanrrels provides e, feetfior the panel and means by whieh 1% may bespiked on. fiIneenzg le 14m course g ivesmigiw i ty to line VX9311 as nine bettom in e, direct-"ken caressw-ise =ef i cs spari. Likewise the sni 1'5 tet; the blps of #:ne "side wall panels and the istni ps 19 at fin-e to'p's 6f *the end wall panels serve "to similarly fie 1me enamels te'gether :in nswer "spaced melafii'cin a1, the top and l ikewise prexznleia, zbrace he held -the wal-l agafint distention in e, nfireeti'on transversely df its length. Tlfrejoiniingmf end end panels =a1-Ong .the interfittlng tongue and -QTee' /e "eonne'ctiens be'twe'en the 1:5 retard the veefpenels and the strips i9 and tnemoef KpameIs tie l'fne slde w'aTls end end walls mespeefiively soge'fiher thmeugh the r'o'of panels as e, cennezibing means end to hold fihe si'de aind end wall "panels frem weaving -01 shifting rel-alfively' ifo the reef panels 'or -to each oth'er.

Wh-i1e We "have iI-lus'trait'ed alnd described herte i'n speifi'c embediments 'o'f our ltwentinn, it will be understood tnst this is m'erel-y by way df illustration and fiha t war ious *cha'ng es :andrm'odifieat'ien's may be made in the construetien rand arrangement df-par'ts w itmmthe centempleltiensef wall, :a' Mini ctjmmis ingi similarly arranged whenn'e'l elements, mhe l'endmos't elemems m the lroef ea eh having an the sumier siderof the edge'dlhemo-f inverted meme-1 with fr/we depending flanges, une-outer of said-"flanges extending down over the outside of one of the end Walls, and the inner depending flang'eo'f said elements being lnterfi bted wifl-xone' of said tongues :of an inner face of an end wall '09 theme'bynormia'ct the roof and end walls *ag'alnst relative mevemen t and provide a nightwe'nnedtion between them.

A meta/1 building col'lstruclaim-1 including a wall firmed of eve'r lzlpp'ing elsemaitly turned ver fiieal ehannel 'mem ber's, a strip on the inner faie'ewf the wall near its so'p'por tion *pTUv-iding a, vertically extending tongue spaeed' inwardly from fil ieqel ane 6f the well, a, wo f comprising sim llairlyerrajnged oheinnel elements, the-endmos't elemerit 6f the reef having on the under side 0f the RUM-$91" edge a idep'ending neuter flaL-nge and a aepenwng' mner flange' spaced inwardly from the im ter fiange'eind fo'r-l'lrled so; as "110 includes vertidal 'groovejth'e outer flange extending over "the Glfi'el s-idee f Hie Well, a po tibnkof Eh-e inn'er fialn ge fleeing received in the space between 'l'xhe tengue on the strip and'the inside wall and' the tongue being received in the groove of the inner flange.

3. in a-m efial building construcfien, a vertical wall panel compl ise'd e1" verticafil-ly extending sheet metal en mel members a lternate'ly faced in opp'o's'i't'e direcfiionsand in civeflapping relation, me'elns securing the channels to *eazi'hdt-her, means extending along fihe upper edge of the panel provid'ing upwardly extending flange, a roof panel having an end member provided with two spaced apart dewn-wardly extending flanges defining a space into which "the said upward-1y extending H /allege is received, and an angular b'oftom strip secured "to -seme'df the channels and having a flange "agahnst w-h 'cih all of iihe channels 'aIbu't for tying fihe hannels together and forming a fonti-ngtherefo'r.

' V I SAMUEL'KORMAN. mien-HARRISON.

Theff'ellwilng references, are 01f record in .fihe file'o'f patentt {121343198 Kerber Feb. :19, 1924 'FQREIGN PATENTS 

